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 * welcome to my wiki**  **ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT**   **Dr. Maher Arafat**

= =  OD is not  a responsibility for one person in an organization, but it's a responsibility of the overall organization

= = = course definitions

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org. effectiveness : is about doing everything you know to do and doing it well. The universals of management planning, organizing, leading, direction, and controlling. =====

 organization theory : The study of how an organization function, and how people affect and are affected by the organization's environment "where do they operate ".

====Organizational Analysis : is a process by which an organization's systems, capacity, and functionality are assessed in order to increase its efficiency, performance, and output. With the use of various models and theories, an Organizational Analysis aims to understand behavioral relationships, structure, and technology. ====

==== Organizational structure : determines the division of work between the workers and coordination of official channels and chain of command. It sits organizational relations within theinstitution organizes and defines responsibilities. There are three main types of organizational structures : ==== 1- Functional Structure 2- Divisional Structure 3- Matrix Structure

==== Culture of the organization : as a set of assumptions and beliefs, values ​​and norms and standards shared by members of the organization. ====

====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">organization design : a process for improving the probability that an organization will be successful more specifically, organization design is formal guided. ====

====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Organic organizations : An organization design that’s highly adaptable, flexible, and more suitable where external environment is rapidly changing and is unpredictable, Also called open organization. ====

**<span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 19px;">Mechanistic organization : **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 19px;"> An organization design that’s rigid and tightly controlled but it difficult to cope with rapid change. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Differentiation: The process of deciding how to divide the work in an organization. <span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Integration : The process of coordinating the different parts of an organization. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Work Specialization : Describes the degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs. The main idea of this organizational design is that an entire job is not done by one individual. It is broken down into steps, and a different person completes each step. Individual employees specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;"> Departmentalization : It is the basis by which jobs are grouped together. For instance every organization has its own specific way of classifying and grouping work activities <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chain of command : It is defined as a continuous line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to the lowest levels and clarifies who reports to whom. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Span of Control : It is important to a large degree because it determines the number of levels and managers an organization has. Also, determines the number of employees a manager can efficiently and effectively manage. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230%;"> <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230%;"> <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230%;"> <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 230%;">**ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR, PSYCHOLOGY** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Organizational behaviour : is a field of study that investigates the **impact** that **individuals**, **groups** and **organizational structure** have on **behaviour** within the organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organizational effectiveness. <span style="color: #8b0404; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">"""Organizational behaviour can be defined as – “the study and application of knowledge about human behaviour related to other elements of an organization such as structure, technology and social systems""" <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Psychology : Psychology is an applied science, which attempts to explain human behaviour in a particular situation and predicts actions of individuals. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sociology: Science of Sociology studies the impact of culture on group behaviour and has contributed to a large extent to the field of group-dynamics, roles that individual plays in the organization, communication, norms, status, power, conflict management, formal organization theory, group processes and group decision-making. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"><span style="color: #ff00e2; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Social psychology: Working organizations are formal assembly of people who are assigned specific jobs and play a vital role in formulating human behavior. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;"> Anthropology: It is a field of study relating to human activities in various cultural and environmental frameworks.